Economic (Business) Cycles
Published in 2000, updated on April 1, 2015.
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Texts in blue italics are "quotes."
Texts in blue underline are links.
Texts with
N or U signify new or updated text.
Texts in black on white background are my texts, including My Fragments (MF#).
►You are allowed to copy from my texts or pictures, providing the copyright is properly attributed to: ©Ben Tamari
www.bentamari.com.
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Cycle Quotes
T. S. Eliot (1934). "Collected Poems 1909-1962,"opening stanza from "Choruses from 'The Rock,'" p. 147.
"The
Eagle soars in the summit of Heaven,
The Hunter with his dogs pursues his
circuit.
O perpetual revolution of configured stars,
O
perpetual recurrence of determined seasons,
O world of spring and
autumn, birth and dying!
The endless cycle of idea and action,
Endless invention, endless experiment,
Brings knowledge of motion, but not
of stillness;
Knowledge of speech, but not of silence;
Knowledge of
words, and ignorance of the Word.
All our knowledge brings us nearer to our
ignorance,
All our ignorance brings us nearer to death,
But nearness
to death no nearer to GOD.
Where is the Life we have lost in living?
Where is the wisdom we have lost in knowledge?
Where is the knowledge we
have lost in information?
The cycles of Heaven in twenty centuries
Bring us farther from GOD and nearer to the Dust."
●
Irving Fisher (1928). "The Money Illusion." Martino Publishing, p. 196.
"We have seen that the so-called business cycle is largely a "dance of the dollar" and that a more stable dollar will flatten out this cycle and go far to remedy the crises, depressions and unemployment from which we have suffered so grievously."
●
Willford, I. King (1938). "The Causes of Economic Fluctuations." The Ronald Press, p. 244.
"If the oscillations in business are dominated by forces following some mathematical formula, whether that formula be one representing a composite of sine curves or otherwise, the pattern of business must to a considerable extent be repetitive in nature and hence predictable. For any curve, or combination of curves, represented by mathematical formulae, can be reproduced indefinitely into the future."
●
Erwin Schrödinger (1944). "What Is Life?" Cambridge, p. 77.
"The unfolding of events in the life cycle of an organism exhibits an admirable regularity and orderliness, unrivalled by anything we meet with in inanimate matter."
My Fragments - From My Personal Point of View
For the complete list, please see Tamari.
MF4: Evolution of form is birth and death, construction and destruction, trial and error ...
forever, but accompanied by a self-correcting mechanism/feedback.
Added 1 January 2003.
MF7: Globalization + Computerization = Tsunamization. Added 9 October 2008.
Theory
A good book to start with: Hicks, J.R. (1950). "A
Contribution to the Theory of the Trade Cycle." Oxford.
N
N As long as the money (M1) relative to output (GDP) is at an optimum quantity, there are almost no economic cycles (straght line). When money starts to be out of the optimum, economic cycles start to build up (Sinus-like).
Empiric
►A nation's average
growth cycle is tend to 5.5 years; the average cycle of
sunspots is 11 years.
Countries:
The economic cycles of Australia 1961-2013.
The economic cycles of Canada 1961-2013.
The economic cycles of China
1982-2013.
The economic cycles of Colombia
1961-2013.
The economic cycles of Denmark
1961-2013.
The economic cycles of India 1961-2013.
The economic cycles of Indonesia
1961-2013.
The economic cycles of Iran 1961-2013.
The economic cycles of Israel 1961-2013.
The economic cycles of Japan 1961-2013.
The economic cycles of Mexico 1961-2013.
The economic cycles of Morocco
1961-2013.
The economic cycles of Norway 1961-2013.
The economic cycles of Pakistan
1961-2013.
The economic cycles of Peru 1961-2013.
The economic cycles of the Philippines
1961-2013.
The economic cycles of Russia
1995-2013.
The economic cycles of Singapore
1961-2013.
The economic cycles of South Africa
1961-2013.
The economic cycles of South Korea
1961-2013.
The economic cycles of Sweden 1961-2013.
The economic cycles of Switzerland
1961-2013.
The economic cycles of Turkey 1961-2013.
The economic cycles of the United Kingdom
1961-2013.
The economic cycles of the United States
1961-2013.
The economic cycles of Venezuela
1961-2013.
Note 1, 15 August 2010
Note on "harmonies" or "adjusted countries"
First harmony - The group consists of the USA
(the locomotive leader), the United kingdom, Canada and
South-Africa. Second harmony -
The group consists of Japan
(the locomotive leader), Denmark, the Philippines, Singapore,
Sweden and Switzerland.
We can call these harmonies/adjusted countries:
'Economic/Commerce Groups'. The operation/relation X (X for exchange
relations) exists between any two members of the group. USA commerce/economic group
Japan commerce/economic group
Source of data: Processed by the author from data in the "International
Financial Statistics, Yearbook
2014" (IFSY, *.PDF ed.), IMF. No adjustment or filters were used to process the data, just the
rates of change of the data themselves.
Books: American Economic Association Series (1950). "Readings in
Business Cycle Theory." Burns, A.F. and Mitchell, W.C. (1946). "Measuring Business
Cycles." New York, National Bureau of Economic Research. Dewey, E.R. and Dakin, E.F. (1947). "Cycles: The Science
of
Prediction." Henry Holt and Company, NY. Dua, P. (Ed.) (2004). "Business Cycles and Economic Growth."
Oxford UP. Ellis, J.H. (2005)."Ahead of the Curve; A
Commonsense Guide to Forecasting Business and Market Cycles." Harvard
Business School Press, Hicks, J.R. (1950). "A Contribution to the Theory of the Trade
Cycle." Oxford. Hansen, A. (1951). "Business Cycles and National Income."
Norton, NY. Hurst, J.M. (1974)."Cyclic Analysis." Traders Press. Niemira, M.P. and Klein, P.A. (1994). "Forecasting
Financial and Economic Cycles." John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Pierre-Yves, H. (1981). "Macrodynamics Fluctuations and
Growth." Routledge & Kegan Paul. Puu, T. (1991). "Nonlinear Economic Dynamics." 2nd ed.,
Springer-Verlag. Puu, T. and Sushko, I. (Eds.) (2006). "Business Cycle
Dynamics." Springer. Rosser, J.B. (1991). "From Catastrophe to Chaos: A General
Theory of Economics Discontinuities." Kluwer Academic Publishers. Schumpeter, A.J. (1939). "Business Cycles." McGraw-Hill,
NY. Tvede, L. (2006). "Business Cycles."
3rd ed. John
Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Links: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cycles
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_cycle
http://www.wikinvest.com/concept/U.S._Economic_Cycles
http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/SunspotCycle.shtml
http://www.colorado.edu/Economics/courses/econ2020/section7/section7-main.html
Boston, Massachusets.